SAIL

ISLAM

Largest muslim country in the world is ... Indonesia (284,000,000+). Islam was brought there from south of India around 1300. As history of Malaysia (North or Indonesia, ~same people/language, also muslim) teaches us it was during the 15th century that the religion firmly took root, at least among the court elites. History of Golden Horde teaches us that Islam reached them in 1313 as well as most of Central Asia up to Uyghurs in China. Legend has it that Sikhhism appeared as a reaction to Islam, the reaction happened in 1400+ in North of India.

But Muslim conquest of Persia finished by 651! They also took over Spain and fought Charles Martel in middle of the France in 732! What we see here is yet another "antiquity", this time Islamic one. If Islamic warriors existed at THIS scale THAT early, there would never be no crusader kingdoms, there would never even be any Bizantium. Also population of Spain by 1800 is about the same as population of England, 2.5 times smaller than population of France. Islam means good birth rates. This doesn't add up. Another thing that doesn't add up is coffee mentioned at Germany in 1573 and at Mecca in 1414. Coffee is right next to Yemen. If there was any Islamic expansion going on before that ... how long would it take people to discover coffee? Thus Ancient Christian Ethiopia is ruled out as well.

Actual rise of Islam is the times of Saladin (1137–1193), who was not arab, but kurd, aka Iranian. Persian Empire had to deal with Byzantium and crusaders so they've used Islam to draft Semites into the battle against "barbarians". BTW, "Mahmad" is moon-mother in Middle Persian: mah (page 53) + mad (page 53), which explains lunar Islamic calendar and crescent symbol (e.g. Pakistan flag on the right). It might have been Arabic version of Judaism initially, the "holy war" component came much later.

SHIPS

The ships of Columbus were called carrack, an Arabic word, probably the actual etymology of Venesuela capital Caracas (Venesuela means "little Venice", Venice was known for its navy). The word carrack was intentionally erased from History of Europe and replaced by caravel. In Philipines traditional outrigger boats are still called karakoa. I'd think they got this design from Spanish, but have you ever seen Spanish outrigger boats? Also very similar boats are called kora-kora at Moluccas. The Arabic origin of carrack sounded like قرقور qurqur. This matches the kora-kora and corruption to karakoa demonstrates how similar corruption to carrack happened in Spain.

Note that official etymology lies, deriving qurqur from Latin/Greek. Europeans learned sailing from Phoenicians, why would Arabs use European word for ship? It came from Akkadian/Assyrian 𒄑𒈣𒄥𒄥 ma-gur-gur which came from Ancient Persian Sumerian 𒈣𒃲𒃲 ma-gal-gal which came from 𒈣 ma (ship) and 𒃲 gal (cup). This original word still existed in Middle Persian as makog/m'kwg (boat, page 53). The similarity with medieval German Cog ... a type of round ship is purely accidental, of course.

Ancient Greek κᾱ́ρᾰβος karabos ship/boat, also Slavic корабль korabl and Latin carabus is Arabic قَارِب qarib and we know it because we know where qurqur came from: cup-cup meant big ship, cup meant a smaller one. Same root in Persian today still exists as کرجی karaji (boat/barge), nevermind the etymology of Karachi, Pakistan.

BTW, word admiral is shortened Arabic amir al-bahr (أمير البحر).

All of the above means that traditional South East Asian outrigger boat/raft design and sail came to them from Mesopotamia, we don't really know when. Austronesians, who colonized Madagascar in the West and Hawaii in the East, are probably descendants of ancient Mesopotamian sailors, who came there on outrigger canoes and rafts. Later another wave came in on outrigger boats, etc. Eventually Mesopotamians developed wider/larger boats/ships, with no need for outrigger, but Asians, having no advanced metal tools, kept the original design.

WHEN

Venetian Arsenal started in 1104 which translates into English as first ship in Italy was built in 1104. First crusaders had some ships in 1096 but those must have been Greek ones. Let's be generous and suggest that Byzantium/Phoenicians started building ships 300 years before that. That expectedly preceeds first Persian horizontal windmill description around 900 (source says it's an invention of 600+). Bronze tools were used for ships first, a known strategic need, windmills were kind of a creative side-project that happened a little bit later. The quality of woodwork on these vertical windmills is "stone age", yet they do work. Bronze appeared not much earlier, than these are invented, let's say we trust the old historians, it would be 600+: